short



(No Model.)

S. H. SHORT. DRIVING MECHANISM FOR ELECTRIC MOTOR CARS.

No. 452,005. Patented May 12,1891.

l l I l UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

SIDNEY II. SHORT, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO, ASSIGNOR TO THE SHORT ELECTRICRAILIVAY COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

DRIVING MECHANISM FOR ELECTRIC-MOTOR CARS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 452,005, dated May 12,1891.

Application filed November 1, 1890. Serial No. 370,035. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, SIDNEY H. SHORT, of Cleveland, in the county ofCuyahoga and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Driving Mechanism for Electric-Motor Cars; and I dohereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact descriptionof the invention,such as will enable others skilled in the art to whichit appertains to make and use the same.

This invention relates to an electrically-propelled ear or vehicle inwhich the armature of the propelling-motor is connected directly with adriving wheel or axle, by direct connection being understood one whichimparts a revolution to the said wheel or axle for each revolution ofthe armature.

I-Ieretofore such an arrangement has been proposed, but so far as I amaware has not goneinto use. Thepresent invention consists in certainfeatures adapted to render the arrangement of practical usefulness. Adifficulty arises in this connection on account of the limited diameterwhich can be given to 2 5 the armature, the comparatively low speed andthe consequently strong pull which the armature is required to exert. Inaccordance with the present invention the armature, which is axiallymounted with reference to 0 the driving wheel or axle, and which isconnecteddirectly therewith, is of the Brush type, but is provided withcross-connections at the commutator or elsewhere, so that there are fouror more sets of coils in multiple arc in- 3 5 stead of two sets only asin the ordinary motors, and in connection with such an armature somounted and cross-connected, a number of field-magnets are employed,which are arranged to exert their power upon the flat faces 0 of thearmature. The pole-pieces of these magnets do, therefore, not materiallyproject beyond the diameter of the armature, where by it becomespracticable to make the armature of a diameter very nearly equal to thatof a driving-wheel, and thus obtain the maximum leverage upon thearmature without resorting to a special construction of car or road bed,or both, as has heretofore been deemed necessary in fruitless attemptsto secure the 5 same result.

It will now be readily understood that the field-magnets are disposedwith reference to the armature substantially in the manner of the Brushdynamo, but that their number is increased, whereby a greater pull uponthe armature is obtained. The flat faces of the armature willhereinafter be referred to as the ends of the armature, and thedisposition of the pole-pieces of the field-magnets in operativerelation to the flat ends of the armature 6c renders it possible to makethe armature of maximum diameter which the space below the car-flooradmits, and at the same time socure the maximum pull upon the armature.With the same object of securing the most powerful attraction on thearmature under the conditions imposed it is preferred to arrange thepoles so that the two lowest magnets are equidistant from the lowestpoint of the armature, one in front and one in rear of the same. In thecase of a four-pole machine this brings the two poles which are belowthe driving axis forty-five degrees from the vertical plane through saidaxis. In this position the field-magnets may project beyond the pe- 7 5riphery of the armature and still be above its lowest point.

The motor-car embodying one or more of the new features or combinationsof features before specified is included in the invention irrespectiveof the precise means of securing an axial mounting and direct connectionof the armature. It is, however, specially included when the armatureand field-magnets are both mounted on the driving-axle, thefield-magnets being supported by journalbearings and held from rotationby a connection with another part of the car (as the carbody or theother car-axle or a motor thereon or the like) adapted to that end.

In the accompanying drawings,which form a part of this specification,Figure l is a partial View, in sectional elevation, of a motorcarprovided with driving mechanism constructed in accordance with theinvention, 5 the left of said figure being in section on line t of Fig.2, and the right in a plane corresponding with line i of said figure.Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section on line 'i i of Fig. 1, and Fig. 3 is adiagram illustrating the cross Ioo connection of the armature-bobbins.

The armature A of each of the propellingflat ends of armature A.

motors is mounted axially with reference to the correspondingdriving-axle B; or, in other words, the axes of the driving-axle andarmature are coincident, or nearly so. The armature is directlyconnected with the drivingaxle. As shown, it is keyed or mounted fast onthe axle B. The commutator O is also fast on said axle. The armaturecoreis of the well-known Brush type, being composed of a flat strip woundupon itself and provided with bobbins in notches in the edges. Thebobbins are connected in series with each other throughout the ring, andare provided each with a conductor leading to a strip of, the commutatorO. The opposite strips are join ed together electrically bycrossconnections 2, and the commntator-brushes D and E are placed ninetydegrees of arc apart. The armature-windin g will thus be divided intofour sections a b c d,whicl1 are in multiple arc with one another. Thusthe current which enters, say, by the brush D divides into fourportions, of which one portion passes to the right through the quadranta, another portion after passing through a cross-connection 2, passes tothe left through the quadrant b, a third portion after passing throughthe same cross-connection, passes to the right through the quadrant c,and the fourth portion passes to the left through the quadrant d. Itwill be understood that the number of the bobbins may be increased; alsothat the number of sections in multiple are into which thearmature-winding is divided may be increased by appropriatecross-sections and an appropriate arrangement of the brushes D E. Thenumher of sections should correspond with the number of the poles. Asfour of these are shown, the cross-connections and the brushes arearranged to divide the armature into quadrants.

The field-poles are formed each by a pair of magnets F G of like sign onthe opposite The magnets proj ect from yokes ll and K, which are mountedon the ear-axle by means of journal-bearings 8 and 4:, and are held fromrotation by a connection Q with the car-body P. The journalbearing at isformed in the bracket K. The connection Q extends to an arm L, whichfastens the yokes together, another similar arm M being arrangedopposite. The connection Q consists of a jointed rod fastened to thecar-floor at 5 and provided with a flange 6 and nuts 7, springs orbuffers 8 being interposed between the arm L and the said flange (3 andnuts 7. To facilitate the application of the field-magnets to thecar-axle B, the frame of said magnets is divided longitudinally of thesaid axle and the parts are bolted together after application. \Viththis construction the field-magnet poles are, as shown, Within (or notmaterially beyond) the outer circumference of the armature A, so thatthis latter may be made of as large diameter as the space between theaxle B and the ground admits. It will also be observed thatnotwithstanding the increased number of magnets they are all placedhorizontally, with their poles facing the flat ends of the armature. Thetwo lowermost pairs of mag nets are, with this arrangement, equidistantfrom the lowermost point of the armature, one pair in front and theother in the rear of said point, the centers of the two poles beingforty-five degrees of are from the vertical.

In operation, the current is passed through the armature and field coilsfrom any known or suitable source of electricity on oroutside of thecar. The field and armature coils may be in series with each other, butthe invention is not restricted to any special connection. Instead ofhaving the field fixed and the armature rotating, itis evident that thearmature might be held from rotation, as described for the field, andthe latter be keyed on the driving-axle and allowed to turn therewith,and this reversed arrangement will be understood as included in theinvention as a substitute for what is more particularly describedwithout further specification herein. Instead of providing an armaturewound with a continuous series of bobbins with cross-coimections, otherforms of armature adapted for use with a multipolar field crossing therim of the armature parallel thereto may be employed, the inventionextending, generally, to a motor of this description, as well as to onehaving an armature with crossconnections adapted to connect four or moresections of the armature-windings in multiple are with one another.

Having fully described my invention,what I claim as new, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is

l. The combination, with a car, of an electric propelling-motorcomprising a ring armature mounted axially upon a driving-axle anddirectly secured thereto, with non-rotative multipolar field-magnets,the pole-pieces of which are arranged to produce a field-offorcecrossing the armature parallel to the plane thereof, substantially asdescribed.

2. The combination, with a car, of an electric propelling-motorcomprising a ring armature mounted axially upon a driving-axle andsecured directly thereto, with non -rotative multipolar field-magnetshaving their polepieces facing the flat ends of the ring armature,substantially as described.

3. The combination, with a car, of an electric propelling-motorcomprising a ring armature mounted upon and secured to adrivingaxle,with non-rotative multipolar field-magnets having their pole-piecesfacing the flat ends of the ring armature, with the lowermostpole-pieces, one on each side of both, equidistant from and above thelowermost point of the armature, substantially as described.

4. The combination, with a car, of an electric propelling-motorconstructed with a ring armature secured to a driving-axle, multipolarfield-magnets in operative relation to the flat ends of the rim of thearmature jour- IOU IIO

naled upon the driving-axle and held from point, said magnets beingmounted on said rotation with the latter by a connection withdriving-axle by journal-bearings and being another part of the car,substantially as de- I held from rotation by a connection with an- I5scribed. l other part of the car, substantially as de- 5 5. Thecombination, with a car, of an elecscribed.

tric propelling-motor comprisingaring arina- V In testimony whereof Ihave signed this ture mounted on and secured directly to a specificationin the presence of two subscribdriving-axle, and multipolarfield-magnets ing witnesses.

horizontally arranged on the opposite flat SIDNEY H. SHORT. IO ends ofthe rim of the armature above the XVitnesses:

lowest point thereof, with the lowermost mag- A. B. CALHOUN,

nets equidistant in front and rear of said A. F. XVOODS.

